FCC Medio Ambiente coordinates the project and operates the pilot plant located in the “La Ecocentral” complex in Alhendín, near Granada, Spain. In addition to Stadler and FCC, the University of Granada and the companies Ibañez Extrusoras, Lindner Washtech, Lindner Washtech Engineering, Erema and Aimplas are also partners in the project. The pilot plant implements an innovative recycling process that sorts plastic film of polyethylene (LDPE) contained in municipal solid waste (MSW).
The LIFE4FILM process consists in a pilot of four stages: separation, washing, extrusion and production of the final product. Stadler has participated in the first stage (sorting) of the process at the Ecocentral pilot plant. It has designed and built the integrated sorting plant.
The LIFE4FILM plant has an intake capacity of 10,000 tonnes/year of plastic bales from MSW and an output of approximately 4,000 tonnes/year of recycled polyethylene regranulates. Of these, some 700 tonnes a year will be dedicated to the production of recycled plastic refuse bags, which will be used by FCC Medio Ambiente and various municipalities for gardening and street cleaning work.
The remaining stages (washing, drying, extrusion and blowing of new plastic material) are carried out in the Marchalhendín industrial estate. Both facilities act as a test base for replication across Europe.
Stadler comes into play when the film bales from MSW are introduced in the feeder and go through a trommel, where they are opened, the content is separated and fines (dry organic material sticking to the surface of the plastic) are eliminated.
The overflow of the trommel drops into a shredder that reduces the particles’ size to less than 200 mm, in readiness for optical sorting. This shredded material is conveyed to a ballistic separator that sorts the materials according to density, shape and size. On the way, a magnetic separator removes all ferrous residues from the material stream. In the ballistic separator, the material is divided into two streams: flats (2D material, which accounts for 90% of the infeed) and rolling (3D material that is considered as reject). The fines remaining in the stream below 65 mm in size are screened and rejected together with the fines from the trommel. The higher-density rolling materials are conveyed to an automatic reject storage bunker for later pressing.
The flats then cascade through three optical sorters for recovery, as 95% purity is required in the output stream. The stream feeds the first optical separator, where an air flow ejects the selected film which passes into the second optical separator. The rejected film is sent to an automatic reject bunker. The second optical separator repeats the operation. Finally, the selected film passes through a quality control optical separator, where any unwanted material that may be left in the stream is ejected and sent to rejects. The material left after in this last optical separation is the clean film, which is sent to an automatic storage bunker, where it is baled in readiness for the following stages.
The material is washed in a rafter, then in two serial friction washers. It then goes through two mechanical dryers and a thermal dryer. Approximately 90% of the water used in this stage is conveyed to two treatment plants and will be re-used. In the following stage, extrusion, the clean and dry flakes are converted into regranulates. In the last phase, the regranulates are turned into a plastic film for use in the production of refuse bags.
The LIFE4FILM project was developed to reach multiple goals: achieve environmental improvements; reduce plastic waste in landfills by 11,000 tonnes/year; increase the recycling rates of plastic film in municipal waste; recycle urban plastic waste; reduce the plastic industry’s carbon footprint and its CO2 emissions by 65%; replicate and transfer the LIFE4FILM solution for film recycling to the other regions of the EU; disseminate the results to promote this type of solutions for film recycling; improve the sector’s competitiveness and include the LIFE4FILM solution in the next EU Best Available Techniques reference document for the waste treatment industry.
All these goals, which would lead to an 80% reduction in the LDPE content of the municipal waste stream, can be achieved with the advanced technology implemented in this project. The European Commission has invested more than 100 million euros through the LIFE programme. These funds will be allocated to 9 Member States, including Spain, to promote a sustainable Europe and a circular economy.
